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means of determining

  • 1 засіб встановлення вини

    Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > засіб встановлення вини

  • 2 eficacia de la biblioteca

    Ex. This article reviews the quest for a means of determining the effectiveness of the public library (its degree of 'goodness').
    * * *

    Ex: This article reviews the quest for a means of determining the effectiveness of the public library (its degree of 'goodness').

    Spanish-English dictionary > eficacia de la biblioteca

  • 3 δοκίμιον

    δοκίμιον, ου, τό (s. three prec. entries and δόκιμο; on the spelling s. Mlt-H. 78; B-D-F §23; B-D-R §13, 3; 263, 5; δοκιμεῖον preferred by PKatz, TLZ 83, ’58, 314f; WGrundmann, TW II 259).
    ① the process or means of determining the genuineness of someth., testing, means of testing (Dionys. Hal., Rhet. 11, 1; Herodian 2, 10, 6; Plut., Mor. 230b; Περὶ ὕψους 32, 5 γλῶσσα γεύσεως δοκίμιον; Pr 27:21) τὸ δ. ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως κατεργάζεται ὑπομονήν the testing of your faith (temptation) produces endurance Js 1:3.
    ② genuineness as result of a test, genuine, without alloy, neut. sg. of the adj. δοκίμιος (esp. of metals: BGU 1045 II, 12; 1065, 8; PTebt 392, 22; s. Dssm., NB 86ff [BS 259ff]) τὸ δ. ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως the genuineness of your faith (on the usage B-D-F §263, 2) 1 Pt 1:7 (δόκιμον P72 et al.; cp. Js 1:3 v.l.; s. δόκιμος 1).—DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. III p. 291. M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δοκίμιον

  • 4 camino por recorrer, el

    (n.) = road ahead, the
    Ex. The conference topic, the future of library and information studies education, was a means for determining the road ahead through the three Cs of continuity, culture and competition.

    Spanish-English dictionary > camino por recorrer, el

  • 5 futuro

    adj.
    future, forthcoming, unborn.
    m.
    1 future, future time, future-to-be.
    2 future, future tense.
    3 prospect, future possibilities.
    * * *
    1 future
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 (prometido) fiancé, intended; (prometida) fiancée, intended
    1 future
    1 (financieros) futures
    \
    en un futuro próximo in the near future
    futuro perfecto future perfect
    ————————
    1 future
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - futura)
    adj.
    * * *
    futuro, -a
    1.
    ADJ future
    2.
    SM / F * fiancé/fiancée
    3. SM

    en lo futuro, en un futuro — some time in the future

    a futuro — Chile in the future

    2) (Ling) future (tense)
    3) pl futuros (Com) futures
    futura
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo < presidente> future (before n)
    II
    1) ( porvenir) future

    ¿qué nos deparará el futuro? — what will the future bring?

    en un futuro cercano or próximo — in the near future

    en el or en lo futuro — in future

    un empleo con/sin futuro — a job with good prospects/with no prospects

    2) (Ling) future (tense)
    III
    - ra masculino, femenino (fam & hum) intended (colloq & hum)
    * * *
    = forthcoming, future, intending, prospect, would-be + Nombre, outlook, coming, horizon, long haul, prospective, yet-to-be, future ahead, intended.
    Ex. Following internal discussion, it was agreed that a new library should be given the University's top priority in any forthcoming capital building project.
    Ex. The use of a scheme in centrally or co-operatively produced catalogue records can also be important in establishing its future.
    Ex. The intending borrower merely specifies a search key for the item he wishes to borrow, and the system provides a bibliographic description.
    Ex. At the time OCLC started, there was no prospect for a national authority file.
    Ex. The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex. In their first review article of children's reference books in 1982, the School Library Journal's Review Committe for children's reference books presents a bleak outlook.
    Ex. I have myself seen, in a northern market, a bookstall where the stall-holder had over a dozen old shoeboxes under the counter in which each month the ten new titles were placed so that the customers could buy the whole new range gradually over the coming month.
    Ex. Barbara Tillett's vision of one seamless bibliographic system, either real or virtual, looks realizable over a 5 to 10 year horizon.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Legacy for the long haul' = El artículo se titula "El patrimonio para el futuro".
    Ex. The advocacy of title entry for serials implies an ideology which focuses on the publication as the principal object of interest of the prospective library user rather than the work conveyed by the book or publication.
    Ex. If the past is an indicator, current, emerging and yet-to-be Web features and functionalities will have a significant impact on the content and publishing of serials.
    Ex. The road of special librarianship was branching, and in order to succeed members had to look down both forks in order to be best prepared for the future ahead.
    Ex. In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.
    ----
    * acondicionado para el futuro = future-proof.
    * adivinación del futuro = fortune telling.
    * adivinar el futuro = fortune telling.
    * anticipar el futuro = anticipate + the future.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * con futuro = up-and-coming.
    * con miras al futuro = forward-looking.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con visión de futuro = far-sighted, forward-thinking, far-seeing, long-sighted.
    * ¿cuál es el futuro de? = quo vadis.
    * del futuro = of the years to come, yet to come.
    * determinar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * donación futura = planned giving.
    * el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.
    * el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.
    * encarar el futuro = face up to + the future.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.
    * en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.
    * en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro lejano = further in the future.
    * enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.
    * en un futuro cercano = in the near future.
    * en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.
    * en un futuro muy cercano = in the very near future.
    * en un futuro no muy distante = in the not too distant future.
    * en un futuro no muy lejano = in the not too distant future, in the near future.
    * en un futuro próximo = in the near future.
    * esperar en el futuro = be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.
    * falta de visión de futuro = shortsightedness, nearsightedness [near-sightedness], myopia.
    * falto de visión de futuro = myopic.
    * forjar el futuro = forge + the future, shape + the future.
    * futura generación = future generation.
    * futuro + aguardar = future + hold.
    * futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.
    * futuro cercano, el = near future, the.
    * futuro + deparar = future + hold, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.
    * futuro, el = years ahead, the, road ahead, the.
    * futuro esposo = bridegroom, husband-to-be.
    * futuro + estar + en + Posesivo + manos = future + be + in + Posesivo + hands.
    * futuro incierto = uncertain future.
    * futuro inmediato = immediate future.
    * futuro inmediato, el = near future, the.
    * futuro marido = bridegroom, husband-to-be.
    * futuro previsible = foreseeable future.
    * futuro profesional = professional future.
    * futuro prometedor = bright future.
    * hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.
    * hacia el futuro = onward(s).
    * hay que mirar hacia el futuro = the show must go on.
    * hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.
    * hipotecar el futuro = mortgage + the future.
    * labrar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.
    * mirar hacia el futuro = look forward, look + ahead.
    * Nombre + futuro = further + Nombre.
    * ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * perspectivas de futuro = future prospects, future perspectives, future development(s), future opportunities.
    * perspectivas futuras = future perspectives, future opportunities.
    * planificación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * posibilidades de futuro = future possibilities.
    * predecir el futuro = gaze into + crystal ball.
    * preparación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * preparado para el futuro = future-proof.
    * preparar para el futuro = future-proof.
    * prepararse para el futuro = embrace + the future.
    * previsión de futuro = future proofing.
    * previsiones para el futuro = future development(s).
    * pronósticos de futuro = future predictions.
    * proyectar hacia el futuro = project + ahead.
    * repercutir en el futuro = shape + the future.
    * salto hacia el futuro = leap into + the future.
    * salvaguardar el futuro = safeguard + the future.
    * tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.
    * vida futura = future life.
    * visión de futuro = foresight, future vision, farsightedness [far-sightedness], vision, vision into the future.
    * visión del futuro = insight into the future.
    * * *
    I
    - ra adjetivo < presidente> future (before n)
    II
    1) ( porvenir) future

    ¿qué nos deparará el futuro? — what will the future bring?

    en un futuro cercano or próximo — in the near future

    en el or en lo futuro — in future

    un empleo con/sin futuro — a job with good prospects/with no prospects

    2) (Ling) future (tense)
    III
    - ra masculino, femenino (fam & hum) intended (colloq & hum)
    * * *
    el futuro
    (n.) = years ahead, the, road ahead, the

    Ex: It is believed that the years ahead will see an increase in such programs.

    Ex: The conference topic, the future of library and information studies education, was a means for determining the road ahead through the three Cs of continuity, culture and competition.

    = forthcoming, future, intending, prospect, would-be + Nombre, outlook, coming, horizon, long haul, prospective, yet-to-be, future ahead, intended.

    Ex: Following internal discussion, it was agreed that a new library should be given the University's top priority in any forthcoming capital building project.

    Ex: The use of a scheme in centrally or co-operatively produced catalogue records can also be important in establishing its future.
    Ex: The intending borrower merely specifies a search key for the item he wishes to borrow, and the system provides a bibliographic description.
    Ex: At the time OCLC started, there was no prospect for a national authority file.
    Ex: The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex: In their first review article of children's reference books in 1982, the School Library Journal's Review Committe for children's reference books presents a bleak outlook.
    Ex: I have myself seen, in a northern market, a bookstall where the stall-holder had over a dozen old shoeboxes under the counter in which each month the ten new titles were placed so that the customers could buy the whole new range gradually over the coming month.
    Ex: Barbara Tillett's vision of one seamless bibliographic system, either real or virtual, looks realizable over a 5 to 10 year horizon.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Legacy for the long haul' = El artículo se titula "El patrimonio para el futuro".
    Ex: The advocacy of title entry for serials implies an ideology which focuses on the publication as the principal object of interest of the prospective library user rather than the work conveyed by the book or publication.
    Ex: If the past is an indicator, current, emerging and yet-to-be Web features and functionalities will have a significant impact on the content and publishing of serials.
    Ex: The road of special librarianship was branching, and in order to succeed members had to look down both forks in order to be best prepared for the future ahead.
    Ex: In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.
    * acondicionado para el futuro = future-proof.
    * adivinación del futuro = fortune telling.
    * adivinar el futuro = fortune telling.
    * anticipar el futuro = anticipate + the future.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * con futuro = up-and-coming.
    * con miras al futuro = forward-looking.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con visión de futuro = far-sighted, forward-thinking, far-seeing, long-sighted.
    * ¿cuál es el futuro de? = quo vadis.
    * del futuro = of the years to come, yet to come.
    * determinar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * donación futura = planned giving.
    * el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.
    * el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.
    * encarar el futuro = face up to + the future.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.
    * en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.
    * en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro lejano = further in the future.
    * enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.
    * en un futuro cercano = in the near future.
    * en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.
    * en un futuro muy cercano = in the very near future.
    * en un futuro no muy distante = in the not too distant future.
    * en un futuro no muy lejano = in the not too distant future, in the near future.
    * en un futuro próximo = in the near future.
    * esperar en el futuro = be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.
    * falta de visión de futuro = shortsightedness, nearsightedness [near-sightedness], myopia.
    * falto de visión de futuro = myopic.
    * forjar el futuro = forge + the future, shape + the future.
    * futura generación = future generation.
    * futuro + aguardar = future + hold.
    * futuro a largo plazo = long-term future.
    * futuro cercano, el = near future, the.
    * futuro + deparar = future + hold, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, be in store for + Nombre + in the future, future + have in store.
    * futuro, el = years ahead, the, road ahead, the.
    * futuro esposo = bridegroom, husband-to-be.
    * futuro + estar + en + Posesivo + manos = future + be + in + Posesivo + hands.
    * futuro incierto = uncertain future.
    * futuro inmediato = immediate future.
    * futuro inmediato, el = near future, the.
    * futuro marido = bridegroom, husband-to-be.
    * futuro previsible = foreseeable future.
    * futuro profesional = professional future.
    * futuro prometedor = bright future.
    * hacer frente al futuro = face up to + the future.
    * hacia el futuro = onward(s).
    * hay que mirar hacia el futuro = the show must go on.
    * hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.
    * hipotecar el futuro = mortgage + the future.
    * labrar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.
    * mirar hacia el futuro = look forward, look + ahead.
    * Nombre + futuro = further + Nombre.
    * ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.
    * para el futuro = for the years to come, for the years ahead, for the future.
    * para futuras consultas = for future reference.
    * para siempre en el futuro = for the indefinite future.
    * para un futuro mejor = for a better future.
    * perspectivas de futuro = future prospects, future perspectives, future development(s), future opportunities.
    * perspectivas futuras = future perspectives, future opportunities.
    * planificación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * posibilidades de futuro = future possibilities.
    * predecir el futuro = gaze into + crystal ball.
    * preparación para el futuro = future proofing.
    * preparado para el futuro = future-proof.
    * preparar para el futuro = future-proof.
    * prepararse para el futuro = embrace + the future.
    * previsión de futuro = future proofing.
    * previsiones para el futuro = future development(s).
    * pronósticos de futuro = future predictions.
    * proyectar hacia el futuro = project + ahead.
    * repercutir en el futuro = shape + the future.
    * salto hacia el futuro = leap into + the future.
    * salvaguardar el futuro = safeguard + the future.
    * tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.
    * vida futura = future life.
    * visión de futuro = foresight, future vision, farsightedness [far-sightedness], vision, vision into the future.
    * visión del futuro = insight into the future.

    * * *
    futuro1 -ra
    ‹presidente› future ( before n)
    iré a verlo en un futuro viaje I'll call on him another time o on another trip o on a future trip
    las futuras generaciones future generations
    todo para la futura mamá everything for the mother-to-be
    mi futura esposa my bride-to-be
    A (porvenir) future
    ¿qué nos deparará el futuro? what will the future bring?
    en un futuro cercano or próximo in the near future
    en el or en lo futuro, llama antes de venir in future o another time, call before you come over
    un empleo con/sin futuro a job with good prospects/with no prospects
    su relación no tiene ningún futuro there's no future in their relationship, their relationship has no future
    a futuro ( Chi); in the future
    B ( Ling) future, future tense
    C futuros mpl ( Econ, Fin) futures (pl)
    futuro3 -ra
    masculine, feminine
    ( fam hum); intended ( colloq hum)
    todavía no me has presentado a tu futura you still haven't introduced me to your intended, you still haven't introduced me to the future Mrs Moffatt ( o Mrs Britton etc)
    * * *

     

    futuro 1
    ◊ -ra adjetivo

    future ( before n);
    las futuras generaciones future generations;
    la futura mamá the mother-to-be
    futuro 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( porvenir) future;
    ◊ ¿qué nos deparará el futuro? what will the future bring?;

    en un futuro cercano or próximo in the near future;
    en el or en lo futuro in future;
    un empleo con/sin futuro a job with good prospects/with no prospects;
    su relación no tiene futuro their relationship has no future
    2 (Ling) future (tense)
    futuro,-a
    I adjetivo future
    II sustantivo masculino future
    ' futuro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amenaza
    - auspiciar
    - esplendorosa
    - esplendoroso
    - futura
    - halagüeña
    - halagüeño
    - labrarse
    - poder
    - preocupar
    - visión
    - ya
    - augurar
    - buenaventura
    - clarividente
    - después
    - encarar
    - enfrentar
    - esperar
    - inseguro
    - ir
    - lejano
    - lejos
    - luego
    - mientras
    - previsor
    - resolver
    - ser
    English:
    affect
    - ahead
    - be
    - bleak
    - brighten
    - certain
    - definite
    - dim
    - dismal
    - doubtful
    - early
    - employ
    - far
    - finished
    - foreseeable
    - foretell
    - future
    - gonna
    - hereafter
    - hold
    - immediate
    - improbable
    - near
    - nowhere
    - prospect
    - prospective
    - remind
    - shall
    - shape
    - short-sighted
    - site
    - stake
    - store
    - tense
    - think ahead
    - to
    - vision
    - will
    - yet
    - beyond
    - dead
    - look
    - perfect
    - scrap
    - time
    - -to-be
    * * *
    futuro, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [venidero] future;
    el futuro sucesor del rey the king's heir;
    su futura esposa his wife-to-be;
    no cree que haya una vida futura he doesn't believe in an afterlife;
    mi futura cuñada my future sister-in-law;
    generaciones futuras future generations
    2. Gram future
    ♦ nm
    1. [tiempo] future;
    en el futuro… in future…;
    en un futuro cercano in the near future;
    sin futuro with no future, without prospects;
    ese negocio no tiene futuro there's no future in that business
    2. Gram future;
    en futuro in the future (tense)
    futuro imperfecto (simple) future (tense);
    futuro perfecto future perfect
    3. Fin
    futuros futures
    futuros financieros financial futures
    ♦ nm,f
    Fam [novio] intended;
    ¿cuándo me vas a presentar a tu futura? when are you going to introduce me to your intended?
    ♦ a futuro loc adv
    CSur, Méx in the future;
    eso lo veremos a futuro we'll see about that in the future o at some future date
    * * *
    I adj future atr
    II m future;
    en el futuro in (the) future
    * * *
    futuro, -ra adj
    : future
    futuro nm
    porvenir: future
    * * *
    futuro1 adj future
    futuro2 n future

    Spanish-English dictionary > futuro

  • 6 futuro, el

    (n.) = years ahead, the, road ahead, the
    Ex. It is believed that the years ahead will see an increase in such programs.
    Ex. The conference topic, the future of library and information studies education, was a means for determining the road ahead through the three Cs of continuity, culture and competition.

    Spanish-English dictionary > futuro, el

  • 7 ratiō

        ratiō ōnis, f    [RA-], a reckoning, numbering, casting up, account, calculation, computation: ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum: quibus in tabulis ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc., Cs.: auri ratio constat, the account tallies: rationem argenti ducere, reckoning: pecuniae habere rationem, to take an account: ratione initā, on casting up the account, Cs.: mihimet ineunda ratio est: (pecuniam) in rationem inducere, bring into their accounts: aeraria, the rate of exchange (the value of money of one standard in that of another): rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli, rendered accounts: rationes cum publicanis putare: rationes a colono accepit: longis rationibus assem in partīs diducere, calculations, H.— A list, manifest, protocol, report, statement: cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur.— A transaction, business, matter, affair, concern, circumstance: re ac ratione cum aliquo coniunctus: in publicis privatisque rationibus, Cs.: nummaria: popularis: comitiorum: ad omnem rationem humanitatis: meam.—Plur., with pron poss., account, interest, advantage: alquis in meis rationibus tibi adiungendus: alienum suis rationibus existimans, etc., inconsistent with his interests, S.—Fig., a reckoning, account, settlement, computation, explanation: rationem reddere earum rerum: secum has rationes putare, T.: initā subductāque ratione scelera meditantes, i. e. after full deliberation: quod posteaquam iste cognovit, hanc rationem habere coepit, reflection: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicabat, ut si, etc., upon the following calculation, Cs.: ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc., i. e. means of determining: semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur, must account to ourselves: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent, will hold you responsible, Cs.— Relation, reference, respect, connection, community: (agricolae) habent rationem cum terrā, quae, etc., have to do: cum omnibus Musis rationem habere: omnes, quibuscum ratio huic est.— A respect, regard, concern, consideration, care: utriusque (sc. naturae et fortunae) omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae: (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem: sauciorum et aegrorum habitā ratione, Cs.: propter rationem brevitatis, out of regard for: habeo rationem, quid a populo R. acceperim, consider: neque illud rationis habuisti, provinciam ad summam stultitiam venisse? did you not consider?—Course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, principle: tua ratio est, ut... mea, ut, etc.: defensionis ratio viaque: itaque in praesentiā Pompei sequendi rationem omittit, Cs.: in philosophiā disserendi: ut, quo primum curreretur, vix ratio iniri possit, Cs.: hoc aditu laudis vitae meae rationes prohibuerunt, plan of life.—Arrangement, relation, condition, kind, fashion, way, manner, style: ratio atque usus belli, the art and practice of war, Cs.: novae bellandi rationes, Cs.: quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc., Cs.: rationem pontis hanc instituit; tigna bina, etc., Cs.: iuris: haec eadem ratio est in summā totius Galliae, Cs.: eādem ratione, quā pridie, ab nostris resistitur, Cs: quid refert, quā me ratione cogatis?: nullā ratione, Cs.: tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est, principle.—The faculty of computing, judgment, understanding, reason, reasoning, reflection: Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet: homo, quod rationis est particeps, causas rerum videt: lex est ratio summa: ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret: si ratio et prudentia curas aufert, H.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur: Arma amens capio, nec sat rationis in armis, V.: ratione fecisti, sensibly.—Ground, motive, reason: quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quam ob rem, etc.: nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos: ad eam sententiam haec ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc., Cs.: rationibus conquisitis de voluptate disputandum putant: Num parva causa aut prava ratiost? reason, excuse, T.— Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order: omnia, quae ratione docentur et viā, reasonably and regularly: ut ratione et viā procedat oratio: quae res ratione modoque Tractari non volt, H.: intervallis pro ratā parte ratione distinctis, divided proportionally by rule: vincit ipsa rerum p. natura saepe rationem, system.—A theory, doctrine, system, science: haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere: Epicuri, doctrine: Stoicorum: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis, the art of living... statesmanship.—Knowledge, science. si qua (est in me) huiusce rei ratio aliqua.— A view, opinion, conviction: Mea sic est ratio, T.: cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu loqueretur: cuius ratio etsi non valuit, N.
    * * *
    I II
    account, reckoning; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard

    Latin-English dictionary > ratiō

  • 8 camino por recorrer

    el camino por recorrer
    (n.) = road ahead, the

    Ex: The conference topic, the future of library and information studies education, was a means for determining the road ahead through the three Cs of continuity, culture and competition.

    Spanish-English dictionary > camino por recorrer

  • 9 Watkins, Alfred

    [br]
    b. 1854 Hereford, England
    d. 7 April 1935 Hereford, England
    [br]
    English photographer who developed the first practical exposure-measuring system.
    [br]
    His first patent was granted on 27 January 1890 and described a method of measuring the "actinic" value of light as a means of determining exposure. A strip of sensitized paper which darkened on exposure to light was used, and the time taken for it to darken to match a standard tint was measured. This time could be used to calculate the necessary exposure time, taking into account the speed of the plate, shutter speed and aperture. Watkins marketed a number of these actinometer designs, of which the most popular was the Watkins Bee Meter, which was in a pocket-watch form, introduced in 1903 and remaining on sale until 1939. Watkins was concerned that photographers recognize that exposure measurement had to take into account the effect of development time and temperature. In 1893 he devised the concept of the "Watkins Factor": he showed that when plates were developed by inspection, as was the practice at the time, a fixed relationship existed between the time of the first appearance of the image and the total time required to give a fully developed negative. The Watkins Factor was the figure that the first time must be multiplied by to give the second time. Watkins published tables of factors for different brands of plates and for different developers, and marketed various aids such as specially calibrated thermometers and clocks, as aids in using "Fac-torial Development" to give consistent negatives. After the early years of the twentieth century Watkins gave up direct participation in photography and devoted his time to a variety of interests, including the plotting of ley lines in England.
    BC

    Biographical history of technology > Watkins, Alfred

  • 10 метод

    method, process, procedure, approach, technique, practice, tool, strategy
    • Безо всяких изменений данный метод подходит для... - The method lends itself readily to...
    • Более подходящим методом является... - A better technique is to...
    • Более прямой метод получения величины F рассматривается в главе 9. - A more direct procedure for obtaining F is considered in Chapter 9.
    • Более подходящим методом является определение... - A more satisfactory method is to establish...
    • Большинство из этих более продвинутых методов требует... - Most of these more advanced methods require...
    • Были предложены несколько методов. - Several techniques have been suggested.
    • Было довольно нелегко разработать метод для... - It was fairly difficult to develop a method for...
    • Было довольно сложно разработать метод для... - It was quite difficult to develop a method for...
    • Было легко разработать метод для... - It was easy to develop a method for...
    • Было относительно легко (= просто) разработать метод для... - It was relatively easy to develop a method for... (not easy on an absolute scale, but less challenging than other tasks)
    • Было почти невозможно разработать метод для... - It was almost impossible to develop a method for... (so hard that we nearly failed)
    • В альтернативном методе мы вычисляем... - In the alternative method we calculate...
    • В данной главе мы представим метод для... - In this chapter, we shall formulate the procedure for...
    • В данном приближенном методе существенно... - In this approximation procedure it is essential to...
    • В качестве примера применения описанного выше метода мы показываем, что... - As an example of the method described above we show that...
    • В недавние годы этот метод был улучшен посредством использования (чего-л). - In recent years the subject has been enriched by the use of...
    • В основном мы следуем методу... - In essence we follow the procedure of...
    • В последние годы несколько авторов отказались от этого метода. - Several authors have, in recent years, departed from this procedure.
    • В своих основных чертах это был метод, использовавшийся Смитом [1]. - In essence, this was the method employed by Smith [1].
    • В соответствии с методом, намеченным в Главе 1, мы... - In accordance with the method outlined in Chapter 1, we...
    • В этой главе мы даем эффективный метод... - In this chapter we give an efficient method for...
    • Вместо этого давайте разработаем (один) общий метод, посредством которого... - Instead, let us develop a general method whereby...
    • Во многих случаях необходимо обращаться за помощью к приближенным методам. - In many cases it is necessary to resort to approximate methods.
    • Возможно, безопасно применить метод... к... - It is probably safe to apply the method of... to...
    •
    Возможно, наилучшим методом является... - Perhaps the best approach is to...
    • Все вышеупомянутые методы не применимы для малых х. - The foregoing methods all fail for small x.
    • Второй метод вывода уравнения (1) формулируется следующим образом. - A second method of obtaining (1) is as follows.
    • Второй метод точно согласуется с... - The latter method agrees precisely with...
    • Вышеуказанным методом обнаружено (= найдено), что... - By the above method it is found that...
    • Геометрически метод состоит в следующем. - Geometrically, the procedure is as follows.
    • Главное преимущество данного метода заключается в том, что... - The chief advantage of the method is that...
    • Главным преимуществом данного метода является его общность. - The principal advantage of the method is its generality.
    • Главным преимуществом данного метода по сравнению с традиционными является то, что... - The major advantage of this procedure over the traditional method is that...
    • Главным преимуществом данного метода является его простота. - The principal virtue of the method is its simplicity.
    • Далее, в данном методе заранее предполагается, что... - Further, the method presupposes...
    • Данное свойство является основой одного метода нахождения... - This property provides one method of determining...
    • Данный метод был предложен в статье [1]. - The method was suggested by Smith, et al. [1].
    • Данный метод намного точнее, чем... - The present method is much more precise than...
    • Данный метод не применим для/в... - The method does not apply to...
    • Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...
    • Данный метод одинаково успешно можно применять к... - The method can equally well be applied to...
    • Данный метод особенно подходит в случае, когда... - The method is particularly appropriate when...
    • Данный метод позволяет... - The method enables one to...
    • Данный метод позволяет исследователю... - The method allows an investigator to...
    • Данный метод применим к широкому классу (в широком классе)... - The method is applicable to a large class of...
    • Данный метод прост и довольно интересен, однако... - This method is simple and quite interesting, but...
    • Данный отчет описывает новый метод... - This report describes a new method of...
    • Данным методом можно решить ряд важных практических задач. - This method enables us to solve several problems of practical importance.
    • Детали этого метода можно найти в [1]. - Details of the method can be found in Smith [1].
    • Для... можно применить несколько методов. - Several methods are available for...
    • Для получения... был использован ряд методов. - A number of methods have been used to obtain...
    • Для преодоления этой трудности был разработан один метод. - One method has been advanced for overcoming this difficulty.
    • Должны быть развиты методы для измерения... - Methods should be developed for measuring...
    • Достоинство этого метода состоит в том, что... - The advantage of the method is that...
    • Другим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The other disadvantage of this procedure is that...; Another disadvantage of this procedure is that...
    • Его метод доказательства весьма оригинален. - The method of proof is quite ingenious.
    • Единственный доступный нам в настоящее время метод - это... - The only method available to us so far is...
    • Единственным известным недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The only known disadvantage of this procedure is that...
    • Еще одним методом является... - Still another approach is to...
    • Здесь рассматривается (один) общий метод получения этих решений. - A general method of obtaining these solutions is considered here.
    • Важность наших методов состоит в том, что они будут давать... - The significance of our methods is that they will yield...
    • Значительно более удобный метод состоит в том, что... - A far more convenient approach is to...
    • Имеются два обычно используемых метода для... - There are two commonly used methods for...
    • Имеются три метода решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.
    • Интересным альтернативным методом является следующий. - An interesting alternative procedure is as follows.
    • Используя данный метод, следует помнить, что... - In using this method it is well to remember that...
    • Используя любой подобный метод, необходимо (помнить и т. п.)... - With any method such as this it is necessary to...
    • Используя этот метод, они нашли, что... - Using the method, they found that...; Using the method, they learned that...; Using the method, they determined that...; Using the method, they discovered that...
    • Используя этот новый метод, мы можем... - By this new method it will be possible to...
    • Итак, мы наметим несколько методов, которые могут использоваться для того, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...
    • К сожалению, этот метод оказался неприменим. - Unfortunately, the method was not applicable; The method, unfortunately, was not applicable.
    • К счастью, имеется один простой и подходящий для этого метод. - Fortunately, there is a simple technique available for doing this.
    • Каков недостаток этого метода? - What is the disadvantage of this procedure?
    • Каковы преимущества данного метода? - What are the advantages of this procedure?
    • Конечно, это могло бы быть следствием неподходящих методов. - Of course, this could reflect the use of inappropriate methods.
    • Конечно, этот метод не всегда применим. - Of course, this method will not always work.
    • Коротко, мы будем интересоваться методами, которые... - In short, we will inquire into the ways in which...
    • Кратко опишем метод для его оценки. - A method for estimating this will be given shortly.
    • Метод... должен быть применен к/в... - The method of... should apply to...
    • Метод... мог бы быть надежно применен для... - The method of... could safely be applied to,..
    • Метод анализа, намеченный в предыдущем абзаце, показывает... - The method of analysis outlined in the last paragraph shows...
    • Метод может использоваться для оценки... - The method can be used to estimate...
    • Метод обладает очевидным преимуществом... - The method possesses the obvious advantage of...
    • Метод основывается на принципе, что... - This method is based on the principle that...
    • Метод перестает быть достаточно точным, если... - The method ceases to be reasonably accurate if...
    • Метод состоит в следующем. - The procedure is as follows.
    • Метод состоит из двух шагов. - The approach is in two steps.
    • Метод требует от пользователя обеспечить... - The method requires the user to provide...
    • Метод, который здесь описывается, требует... - The method to be described here involves...
    • Метод, который мы описали, в общем случае не подходит для... - The procedure we have described is not, in general, suitable for...
    • Метод, приведенный в этом параграфе, подобным образом может быть применен к... - The method of sections may be applied in a similar way to...
    • Метод, с помощью которой это было получено, известен как... - The technique by which this is achieved is known as...
    • Методы, которые мы рассмотрели, позволяют нам... - The methods we have considered enable us to...
    • Можно использовать множество методов. Например,... - A variety of methods may be employed, e. g.,...
    • Можно ожидать, что метод обеспечит нахождение по меньшей мере одного корня. - The method can be expected to provide at least one root.
    • Мы будем придерживаться этого метода. - We shall follow this method.
    • Мы ввели широкий класс методов решения... - We have introduced a wide range of procedures for solving...
    • Мы можем обратить метод и вывести, что... - We can reverse the process and deduce that...
    • Мы наметим в общих чертах метод, основанный на... - We will outline a procedure based on...
    • Мы откладываем обсуждение подобных методов до параграфа 5. - We defer the discussion of such methods to Section 5.
    • Мы принимаем полностью отличный от данного метод. - We adopt an entirely different method.
    • Мы проиллюстрируем данный метод для случая... - We shall illustrate the procedure for the case of...
    • Мы считаем, что метод... можно применять к/в... - We believe that the method of... is applicable to...
    • Мы увидим, что эти методы могут использоваться лишь тогда, когда... - It will be observed that these methods are only applicable when...
    • Мы упоминаем лишь два таких метода... - We mention only two such methods of...
    • На данный метод часто ссылаются как на... - This process is often referred to as...
    • На самом деле оба метода используются на практике. - Both methods are in fact used in practice.
    • На сегодняшний день важность этого метода заключается в том, что... - For the present, the significance of this process lies in the fact that...
    • Наиболее важным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - The primary advantage of this procedure is that...
    • Наиболее просто следовать этому методу в случае... - The procedure is most simply followed for the case of...
    • Наиболее часто используемые методы перечислены ниже:... - The methods that are most often used follow:...
    • Наиболее широко используемые методы основываются на... - The techniques most widely used are based on...
    • Наиболее широко используемый метод это тот, что был введен Смитом [1]. - The method most commonly employed is that introduced by Smith [1].
    • Наш метод будет весьма существенно отличаться от данного. - Our procedure will be quite different from this.
    • Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...
    • Не существует систематического метода определения... - There is no systematic way of determining...
    • Недостатком данного метода является то, что он требует... - The disadvantage of this procedure is that it requires...
    • Недостаток этого метода можно видеть... - The flaw in this approach can be seen by...
    • Несколько методов анализа были введены с помощью... - Several methods of analysis are introduced by means of...
    • Ни один из этих методов не требует... - Neither of these methods requires...
    • Ниже описываются два подобных метода. - Two such methods are described below.
    • Обнаружилось, что данный метод (здесь) не приложим. - It turned out that the method was not applicable.
    • Обнаружилось, что данный метод успешно используется в широкой области... - The method is found to be successful on a wide range of...
    • Обычно считают, что Смит [1] положил начало этому методу. - Smith [1] is usually credited with originating this method.
    • Обычным методом является измерение... - A common procedure is to measure...
    • Один такой несколько искусственный метод занимается... - One such trick is concerned with...
    • Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...
    • Однако данный метод требует предварительного знания... - However, this method presupposes a knowledge of...
    • Однако лучше всего ввести этот метод, рассматривая... - However, the method is best introduced by considering...
    • Однако метод может не сработать даже при отсутствии... - However, the procedure may fail even in the absence of...
    • Однако мы воспользуемся здесь более общим методом, разработанным Воровичем [1]. - But we shall follow here a more general method due to Vorovich [1].
    • Однако мы легко можем разработать метод для... - We can, however, easily devise a means for...
    • Однако решения все еще могут быть получены при помощи чисто численных методов. - Solutions can still be obtained, however, by resorting to purely numerical methods.
    • Однако существует стандартный метод работы с... - However, there is a standard method of dealing with...
    • Однако этот метод не работает, будучи примененным к... - This approach, however, breaks down when applied to...
    • Однако этот метод совершенно не удовлетворяет нашим целям. - This procedure, however, falls far short of our goal.
    • Одним из преимуществ этого метода является то, что... - One advantage of this procedure is that...
    • Одним общим недостатком данного метода является наличие... - One common drawback of this method is the presence of...
    • Оказывается, данный метод первоначально появился в работах Смита [1]. - The method appears to have originated in the works of Smith [1].
    • Описанная выше процедура представляет один строгий метод... - The procedure described above represents a rigorous method of...
    • Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...
    • Описанный здесь метод всегда приводит... - The procedure described here always yields...
    • Основной слабостью метода является... - The main weakness of the method is...
    • Отличительным преимуществом данного метода является то, что... - A distinct advantage of the procedure is that...
    • Отличный от вышеупомянутого метод был предложен Джонсом [1]. - A different method has been given by Jones [1].
    • Перед этим не имелось общепризнанного метода... - Prior to this, there was no generally accepted method of...
    • Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.
    • Подобный метод был рассмотрен Смитом [1], который... - Such a procedure has been considered by Smith [1], who...
    • Подобный метод может быть принят, когда... - A similar method may be adopted when...
    • Подобный метод применяется к/в... - A similar method applies to...
    • Пользуясь такими методами, мы можем избежать... - By such expediencies we can avoid...
    • Потенциальное преимущество данного метода состоит в том, что... - A potential advantage of this procedure lies in the fact that...
    • Поэтому мы применяем слегка модифицированный метод. - We therefore adopt a slightly different method.
    • Предпочтительным, однако, является метод... - The preferred method, however, is to...
    • Преимущество этого метода заключается в том, что... - The advantage of this method lies in the fact that...
    • Преимущество этого метода, следовательно, состоит в том, что он обеспечивает простой... - The advantage < this procedure, therefore, is that it provides a simple...
    • Применение данного метода ограничено... - The application of this method is confined to...
    • Применение данного метода показывает... - An application of this process shows...
    • Применение данного специального метода оправдано (чем-л). - The adoption of this particular method is justified by...
    • Проиллюстрируем общий метод, рассматривая... - We illustrate the general method by considering...
    • Рассматриваемые до сих пор методы касаются... - The methods considered so far have been concerned with...
    • Результаты всех этих методов согласуются с... - The results of all these methods are consistent with...
    • Решающим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - The crucial disadvantage of this procedure is that...
    • С другой стороны, этот метод даст... - On the other hand, this method will give...
    • Открытие Смита сделало возможным новый метод... - Smith's discovery made possible a new method of...
    • Самым простым из таких методов является (метод)... - The simplest such method is...
    • Следовательно, необходимо развить общий метод для... - It is, therefore, necessary to devise a general method for...
    • Следует подчеркнуть, что этот метод должен использоваться только если... - It is to be emphasized that this method should be used only; if...
    • Следует уделить внимание методам... - Attention should be given to methods of...
    • Следующее рассуждение иллюстрирует метод... - The following treatment illustrates the method of...
    • Следующим недостатком этого метода является то, что... - A further disadvantage of this procedure is that...
    • Смит [lj обнаружил метод для... - Smith [1] discovered a method for...
    • Смит [1] предложил метод вычисления... - Smith [l] has proposed a method of calculating...
    • Смит [1] применил этот метод к... - Smith [1] has applied this method to.,.
    • Стандартным методом является следующий. - The standard procedure is as follows.
    • Таким образом, мы имеем метод, который позволяет... - Thus we have a method which yields...
    • Тем не менее, развитые нами методы обеспечивают основу для... - However, the methods we have developed provide a basis for...
    • Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.
    • Теперь мы обсудим систематические методы, которые f можно использовать в/ при... - We now discuss systematic methods which can be applied to...
    • Теперь мы применим метод Римана, чтобы... - We now apply Riemann's method in order to...
    • Только что описанный метод известен как... - The procedure we have described is known as...
    • Тот же метод можно применять в/к... - The same method may be applied to...
    • Удобным методом достижения необходимой цели является... - A convenient way to accomplish this is to...
    • Усовершенствованные экспериментальные методы сделали возможным... - Refined experimental methods have made it possible to...
    • Фундаментальным преимуществом этого метода является то, что... - A fundamental advantage of this procedure is that...
    • Хотя этот метод и несколько необычен, он справедлив (= работает) как и любой из известных методов. - Although this method is somewhat unorthodox, it is as valid as any of the more familiar methods.
    • Центральной идеей, на которой основывался подход Смита [1], была... - The essential idea behind Smith's approach was that...
    • Чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами данного метода, необходимо... - In order to take advantage of this procedure, one must...
    • Чтобы проиллюстрировать применение метода, мы... - То illustrate the process we...
    • Эдисон изобрел новый метод для... - Edison invented a new method for...
    • Эдисон обдумывал новый метод для... - Edison devised a new method for...
    • Эти методы вводятся в следующем параграфе. - These methods are introduced in the next section.
    • Эти методы весьма громоздки. - These processes are tedious.
    • Эти методы настолько чувствительны, что... - These methods are so sensitive that...
    • Эти методы нельзя применять в случае, когда... - These methods are not applicable in the case of...
    • Эти методы очень чувствительны к малым изменениям в... - These methods are very sensitive to small changes in...
    • Эти методы получают своих сторонников, так как... - These methods attract proponents because...
    • Этим методом (= На этом пути) мы можем получить (вывести и т. п.)... - In this way we can arrive at...
    • Это будет объяснено примерами, когда мы будем изучать метод... - This point will be clarified by examples when we study the method of...
    • Это известный метод, принятый во многих работах... - This is a familiar procedure, undertaken in many studies of...
    • Это иллюстрирует важный метод... - This illustrates an important method of...
    • Это можно увидеть двумя методами. - This can be seen in two ways.
    • Это несущественный недостаток метода, поскольку... - This is not a serious defect of the method because...
    • Это приводит к полезным методам обращения с... - This leads to useful ways of dealing with...
    • Это простой метод, который можно проиллюстрировать, рассматривая... - This is a simple procedure which can be illustrated by considering...
    • Этот метод аналогичен использованному в... - The procedure is similar to that used in...
    • Этот метод был описан Смитом [1]. - The method has been described by Smith [1].
    • Этот метод был последовательно доведен до полной эффективности Смитом [3]. - This method was subsequently brought to full fruition by Smith [3].
    • Этот метод вполне очевиден. - This procedure is quite straightforward.
    • Этот метод доказательства довольно общий и применим к... - The method of proof is quite general and applies to...
    • Этот метод известен как... - The procedure is known as...
    • Этот метод имеет следующие недостатки. - The procedure has the following disadvantages.
    • Этот метод интересен по следующей причине. - This method is of interest for the following reason.
    • Этот метод легко адаптируется к/ для... - This procedure is readily adaptable to...
    • Этот метод легко понять, замечая, что... - The process is easily understood by noting that...
    • Этот метод лучше всего иллюстрируется примером. - The procedure is best illustrated by an example.
    • Этот метод наиболее успешен в случае, когда он применяется в... - The method is most successful when applied to...
    • Этот метод очевидным образом может быть распространен на (случай)... - This process can clearly be extended to...
    • Этот метод принимается, поскольку... - This approach is adopted because...
    • Этот метод являлся стандартным в течение многих лет. Несмотря на более новые разработки он будет использоваться и далее. - This approach has been standard for many years, and will continue to be of great use regardless of newer developments.
    • Этот технически простой метод действительно требует... - This technically simple method does require...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > метод

  • 11 desarticular

    v.
    1 to dislocate (huesos).
    2 to disarticulate, to disjoint, to unhinge.
    Ricardo desarticuló la estantería Richard disarticulated the shelves.
    3 to dismember, to bust up.
    La policía desarticuló a los rebeldes The police busted the rebels up.
    4 to disorganize.
    La policía desarticuló la fiesta The police disorganized the party.
    * * *
    1 MEDICINA to disarticulate, put out of joint, dislocate
    2 (un mecanismo) to take to pieces
    3 figurado (organización, banda, plan, etc) to break up, dismantle
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=desarmar) [+ máquina, reloj] to take apart, take to pieces; [+ pandilla] to break up
    2) [+ codo, rodilla] to dislocate
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) < organización> to dismantle, break up; < conspiración> to foil, thwart
    2) <artefacto/mecanismo> to take... to pieces, dismantle
    * * *
    = dismember, spoil, dismantle, break up, foil, thwart.
    Ex. Books can seldom be disbound for the benefit of bibliographers (although it is worth remembering that they sometimes have to be rebound, when they are completely dismembered), but we can now see through printing ink by means of betaradiography.
    Ex. But if set-off did occur and threatened to set back and spoil subsequent impressions of the first forme, the tympan cloth could be rubbed over with lye to clean it.
    Ex. The reader has to reserve books on display and wait till the entire display is dismantled.
    Ex. Subarrangement at entry terms can break up long sequences of entries listed under the same keyword.
    Ex. The author considers the incidence of arson in US libraries and some ways of foiling arsonists through constant vigilance and observation of library users.
    Ex. A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) < organización> to dismantle, break up; < conspiración> to foil, thwart
    2) <artefacto/mecanismo> to take... to pieces, dismantle
    * * *
    = dismember, spoil, dismantle, break up, foil, thwart.

    Ex: Books can seldom be disbound for the benefit of bibliographers (although it is worth remembering that they sometimes have to be rebound, when they are completely dismembered), but we can now see through printing ink by means of betaradiography.

    Ex: But if set-off did occur and threatened to set back and spoil subsequent impressions of the first forme, the tympan cloth could be rubbed over with lye to clean it.
    Ex: The reader has to reserve books on display and wait till the entire display is dismantled.
    Ex: Subarrangement at entry terms can break up long sequences of entries listed under the same keyword.
    Ex: The author considers the incidence of arson in US libraries and some ways of foiling arsonists through constant vigilance and observation of library users.
    Ex: A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.

    * * *
    vt
    A ‹banda› to break up, dismantle; ‹conspiración› to foil, thwart
    B
    1 ‹hombro/dedo› to dislocate
    2 ‹artefacto/mecanismo› to take … to pieces, dismantle
    «hombro/dedo» to get dislocated
    * * *

    desarticular verbo transitivo to dismantle
    desarticular una red de narcotráfico, to break up a ring of drug traffickers
    ' desarticular' also found in these entries:
    English:
    smash
    - break
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [huesos, miembros] to dislocate
    2. [organización, banda] to break up;
    [plan] to foil
    3. [máquina, artefacto] to take apart, to dismantle
    ♦ See also the pronominal verb desarticularse
    * * *
    v/t
    1 banda criminal break up
    2 MED dislocate
    * * *
    1) dislocar: to dislocate
    2) : to break up, to dismantle

    Spanish-English dictionary > desarticular

  • 12 intervenir

    v.
    1 to tap.
    El tipo interviene el proyecto The guy tap the project.
    2 to seize (incautarse de).
    La contraloría interviene a la empresa The comptroller audits the company.
    4 to take part.
    en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy
    después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president
    5 to intervene (interferir, imponer el orden).
    El juez interviene a veces The judge intervenes sometimes.
    6 to operate on, to perform surgery on, to make an intervention on.
    Te interviene el Dr. Pérez Dr. Perez makes an operation on you.
    7 to take over, to take control of, to take over the operation of.
    El socio interviene la empresa The associate takes over the operation of..
    8 to confiscate, to seize.
    La corte interviene sus bienes The court seized his belongings.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ VENIR], like link=venir venir
    1 (tomar parte) to take part (en, in); (mediar) to intervene
    2 (interrumpir) to intervene
    3 (hablar) to speak (en, at)
    1 MEDICINA to operate on
    2 (alijo, mercancía) to seize
    3 (teléfono) to tap
    4 (cuentas) to audit
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=tomar parte) to take part
    2) (=injerirse) to intervene
    3) (=mediar)

    el presidente intervino para que se pudiera llegar a un acuerdo — the president mediated o interceded so that an agreement could be reached

    2. VT
    1) (=controlar) to take over, take control of

    la junta militar intervino todas las cadenas estatales — the junta took over o took control of all the state-run channels

    el gobierno intervino a los ferroviarios — the government took over o took control of the railworkers' union

    2) (Com) [+ cuenta] to audit; [+ banco, empresa] to take into administration; [+ cuenta, bienes] to freeze
    3) (Med) to operate on
    4) [+ droga, armas, patrimonio, bienes] to confiscate, seize
    5) [+ teléfono] to tap
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform
    b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)
    c) ( tomar parte) to intervene
    2.
    1)
    a) < teléfono> to tap
    b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration
    c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect
    d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate
    e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of
    2) ( operar) to operate on
    * * *
    = go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.
    Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.
    Ex. For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.
    Ex. Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex. And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.
    Ex. The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.
    Ex. The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.
    Ex. 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.
    Ex. School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.
    Ex. Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.
    Ex. There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex. Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.
    Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex. If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.
    Ex. A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.
    ----
    * intervenir con = chime in with.
    * intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part; ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform
    b) ( mediar) to intervene, intercede (frml)
    c) ( tomar parte) to intervene
    2.
    1)
    a) < teléfono> to tap
    b) ( tomar control de) < empresa> to place... in administration
    c) ( inspeccionar) < cuentas> to audit, inspect
    d) <armas/droga> to seize, confiscate
    e) (AmL) <universidad/emisora> to take over the running of, take control of
    2) ( operar) to operate on
    * * *
    = go into, have + a hand in, step in, intervene, jump in, obtrude (into), cut in, mediate, intersect, come into + play, call into + play, wiretap [wire-tap], weigh in, chime in.

    Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

    Ex: For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.
    Ex: Furthermore, children can be misled by group influences into reading truly pernicious material (hard core ponography, for example) and when this happens adults have a clear responsibility to step in and do something about it.
    Ex: And again, this is a point at which the teacher may need to intervene to provide examples.
    Ex: The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.
    Ex: The librarian will provide whatever help is required without obtruding into the process.
    Ex: 'I'm not sure what 'arbitrary and capricious' means,' Stanton cut in reasonably.
    Ex: School library media professionals who mediate in the learning experiences of students must be well informed critical thinkers.
    Ex: Contingency plans can be devised to intersect at several points on this time continuum.
    Ex: There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.
    Ex: Ethical principles are called into play when deliberating about values, particularly when values run into conflict.
    Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.
    Ex: If Division VIII is best positioned to weigh in on terminology, Division VIII should do so and the rest of us should follow that lead.
    Ex: A few members of this list have done this, so wait for them to chime in here.
    * intervenir con = chime in with.
    * intervenir en un conflicto = enter + conflict.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus, all (other) things being equal.

    * * *
    vi
    1 (en un debate) to take part; (en un espectáculo) to appear, perform; (en una operación) to take part
    2 (mediar) to intervene, intercede ( frml)
    intervino ante el director a nuestro favor she intervened o interceded on our behalf with the director
    en mi decisión han intervenido muchos factores many factors have had a bearing on my decision
    3 (involucrarse, inmiscuirse) to intervene, get involved
    no pensamos intervenir en los problemas internos de otros países we do not intend intervening o getting involved in the internal affairs of other countries
    los profesores tuvieron que intervenir en la pelea the teachers had to intervene to stop the fight
    no quiso intervenir en la pelea he didn't want to get involved in the fight
    ■ intervenir
    vt
    A
    1 ‹teléfono› to tap
    2 (tomar control de) ‹empresa› to place … in administration
    3 (inspeccionar) ‹cuentas› to audit, inspect
    4 ‹armas/droga› to seize, confiscate
    5 ( AmL) ‹universidad/emisora› to take over the running of, take control of
    B (operar) to operate on
    fue intervenido en una clínica privada he had his operation o he was operated on o he underwent surgery in a private clinic
    * * *

     

    intervenir ( conjugate intervenir) verbo intransitivo
    a) (en debate, operación) to take part;

    ( en espectáculo) to appear, perform


    intervenir en una pelea to intervene o step in to stop a fight;

    ( involucrarse) to get involved in a fight
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ teléfono› to tap

    b) ( tomar control de) ‹ empresa› to place … in administration


    d) ‹armas/droga› to seize, confiscate

    2 ( operar) to operate on;

    intervenir
    I vi (mediar) to intervene [en, in]
    (participar) to take part [en, in]: me gustaría intervenir en el debate, I'd like to take part in the debate
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (un alijo de droga, etc) to confiscate, to seize: la policía ha intervenido la droga en la frontera, the police seized the drugs at the border
    2 (bloquear una cuenta bancaria) to block o freeze: el juez ha intervenido su cuenta, the judge froze his bank account
    (auditar) to audit
    3 (un teléfono) to tap: me parece que la línea está intervenida, I think they put a tap on our phone
    4 Med (a un paciente) to operate on: le van a intervenir mañana a las nueve, they're performing her surgery tomorrow at nine o'clock
    ' intervenir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    mediar
    - terciar
    English:
    intervene
    - join in
    - step in
    - interest
    - move
    - operate
    - step
    - tap
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [operar]
    2. Com [cuentas] to audit
    3. [teléfono, línea] to tap;
    [correspondencia] to open
    4. [incautarse de] to seize
    5. Am [institución privada] to put into administration
    ♦ vi
    1. [participar] to take part (en in); [en pelea, discusión] to get involved (en in);
    intervino en varias películas cómicas she appeared in several comedy films;
    en la evolución de la economía intervienen muchos factores several different factors play a part in the state of the economy;
    después del presidente intervino el Sr. Ramírez Mr Ramirez spoke after the president;
    yo quisiera intervenir para decir que no estamos de acuerdo con la propuesta I would just like to say something: we do not agree with the proposal;
    ¿alguien más quisiera intervenir sobre esta cuestión? would anyone else like so say something on this issue?
    2. [interferir, imponer el orden] to intervene (en in);
    la policía tuvo que intervenir para separar a las dos aficiones the police had to intervene to separate the two groups of fans
    3. [mediar] to intervene, to intercede;
    su padre intervino ante su madre para que lo dejara salir his father spoke to his mother to persuade her to let him go out;
    la ONU intervino para lograr un acuerdo the UN intervened o interceded in order to get an agreement
    4. [operar]
    * * *
    I v/i intervene; en debate, congreso take part, participate; en película, espectáculo appear
    II v/t
    1 TELEC tap
    2 contrabando seize
    3 MED operate on
    * * *
    intervenir {87} vi
    1) : to take part
    2) interceder: to intervene, to intercede
    1) : to control, to supervise
    2) : to audit
    3) : to operate on
    4) : to tap (a telephone)
    * * *
    1. (interponerse) to intervene
    2. (tomar parte) to take part [pt. took; pp. taken]
    3. (operar) to operate on

    Spanish-English dictionary > intervenir

  • 13 prevenir

    v.
    1 to prevent.
    Ricardo previno el accidente Richard prevented the accident.
    2 to warn.
    te prevengo de que la carretera es muy mala be warned that the road is very bad
    Ricardo previno a María del peligro Richard warned Mary of the danger.
    3 to foresee, to anticipate.
    4 to make it impossible to, to make it difficult to.
    Lisa previno ejecutar el programa Lisa made it impossible to execute the..
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ VENIR], like link=venir venir
    1 (evitar) to avoid, prevent
    2 (advertir) to warn
    \
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    * * *
    verb
    2) warn
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=evitar) to prevent; (=prever) to foresee, anticipate
    2) (=advertir) to warn

    prevenir a algn — to warn sb, put sb on his guard (contra, de against, about)

    3) (=predisponer) to prejudice, bias ( a favor de in favour of) ( en contra de against)
    4) (=preparar) to prepare, get ready ( para for)
    5) (=proveer)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <enfermedad/accidente> to prevent
    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn
    2.
    prevenirse v pron

    prevenirse CONTRA algo — to take preventive o preventative measures against something, take precautions against something

    * * *
    = caution (against), forewarn, preclude, prevent, sound + a note of caution, sound + a word of caution, forestall, avert, sound + a wake-up call, ward off, admonish, head off, thwart.
    Ex. We may be fooling ourserlves and I would caution public libraries, school libraries and libraries in general that indeed one code might not satisfy all our needs.
    Ex. I think a person would be derelict in his or her duty not to forewarn someone about a problem.
    Ex. His obsessive concern for detail precluded the delegation of responsibility to others.
    Ex. To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex. Ranganathan himself sounds a note of caution when he warns that, because the use of this device requires an uncommon degree of `spiritual insight', any notation suggested by it should be discussed widely before being finalized.
    Ex. A word of caution must also be sounded over the word 'Kommune' which is found in some Scandinavian countries.
    Ex. In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex. He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex. The article 'Robert Nawrocki sounds a wake-up call for records managers' reports an interview with the President of ARMA (Association of Records Managers and Administrators) International.
    Ex. The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex. For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex. And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex. A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.
    ----
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * prevenir contra = ward against.
    * prevenir en contra de = ward against.
    * prevenir una infección = prevent + infection.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <enfermedad/accidente> to prevent
    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn
    2.
    prevenirse v pron

    prevenirse CONTRA algo — to take preventive o preventative measures against something, take precautions against something

    * * *
    = caution (against), forewarn, preclude, prevent, sound + a note of caution, sound + a word of caution, forestall, avert, sound + a wake-up call, ward off, admonish, head off, thwart.

    Ex: We may be fooling ourserlves and I would caution public libraries, school libraries and libraries in general that indeed one code might not satisfy all our needs.

    Ex: I think a person would be derelict in his or her duty not to forewarn someone about a problem.
    Ex: His obsessive concern for detail precluded the delegation of responsibility to others.
    Ex: To prevent an entry under the first name(s), these must be entered on a separate line with the subfield code 'j'.
    Ex: Ranganathan himself sounds a note of caution when he warns that, because the use of this device requires an uncommon degree of `spiritual insight', any notation suggested by it should be discussed widely before being finalized.
    Ex: A word of caution must also be sounded over the word 'Kommune' which is found in some Scandinavian countries.
    Ex: In order to forestall such an event, some libraries in Britain were stung into action by the publication of an Act of Parliament which totally ignored public libraries.
    Ex: He often did this, almost unconsciously, to avert an immediate sign of reaction to an irksome confrontation.
    Ex: The article 'Robert Nawrocki sounds a wake-up call for records managers' reports an interview with the President of ARMA (Association of Records Managers and Administrators) International.
    Ex: The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.
    Ex: For nearly half a century librarians have been admonished to use history as a means to prevent mistakes and solve problems.
    Ex: And this stimulus is working in the sense that it has headed off the imminent risk of a deflationary spiral.
    Ex: A public library's design can go far in either reinforcing or thwarting the intimacy of reading and in determining its success -- functionally, aesthetically and financially.
    * más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.
    * prevenir contra = ward against.
    * prevenir en contra de = ward against.
    * prevenir una infección = prevent + infection.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹enfermedad/accidente/desgracia› to prevent
    ayuda a prevenir la caries it helps prevent tooth decay
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    más vale prevenir que lamentar better safe than sorry
    2 (advertir, alertar) to warn
    previnieron a los conductores del mal estado de las carreteras drivers were warned of the bad state of the roads
    prevenirse CONTRA algo to take preventive o preventative measures AGAINST sth, take precautions AGAINST sth
    * * *

     

    prevenir ( conjugate prevenir) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹enfermedad/accidente› to prevent

    b) (advertir, alertar) to warn

    prevenirse verbo pronominal prevenirse CONTRA algo to take preventive o preventative measures against sth, take precautions against sth
    prevenir verbo transitivo
    1 (enfermedades, etc) to prevent: más vale prevenir que curar, prevention is better than cure
    2 (advertir, alertar) to warn: me previno contra él, she warned me about him
    te prevengo de que no estoy muy dispuesta a ir, I want you to know that I'm not very inclined to go
    ' prevenir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    advertir
    - avisar
    - salud
    - ir
    English:
    avert
    - forestall
    - forewarn
    - precaution
    - prevent
    - ward off
    - warn
    - head
    - safe
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [evitar] to prevent;
    para prevenir la gripe to prevent flu;
    un medicamento que previene contra la malaria a medicine that protects against malaria;
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    2. [avisar] to warn;
    te prevengo de que la carretera es muy mala be warned that the road is very bad
    3. [prever] to foresee, to anticipate
    4. [predisponer]
    prevenir a alguien contra algo/alguien to prejudice sb against sth/sb
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( evitar) prevent;
    más vale prevenir que curar prevention is better than cure
    2 ( avisar) warn ( contra against)
    * * *
    prevenir {87} vt
    1) : to prevent
    2) : to warn
    * * *
    prevenir vb (evitar) to prevent

    Spanish-English dictionary > prevenir

  • 14 определение

    definition, determination, examination, identification, computation
    • (Нам) необходимы более точные определения, потому что... - More exact definitions are necessary because...
    • Вспомним некоторые определения. - Let us recall some definitions.
    • Давайте начнем с более тщательного определения того, что мы понимаем под... - Let us begin by defining more carefully what we mean by...
    • Дадим теперь более точное определение. - A more precise definition is as follows.
    • Данное определение применимо даже тогда, когда... - This definition is applicable even when...
    • Для наших целей подходит следующее достаточно грубое определение. - For our purposes the following rather rough definition is adequate.
    • Из определения очевидно, что... - It is evident from the definition that...
    • Из определения понятно, что It is plain from the definition that...
    • Из этих определений видно/понятно, что - It is clear from these definitions that...
    • Используя определения F и G, легко показать, что... - It is a simple matter, using the definitions of F and G, to show that...
    • Мы можем дать альтернативное определение... - It is possible to give an alternative definition of...
    • Мы можем дать неформальное определение, сказав, что... - We can express the definition informally by saying that...
    • Нам необходим критерий для определения, действительно ли... - We need a criterion for determining whether...
    • Нам необходимо одно определение. (= Мы нуждаемся в одном определении. ) - We need a definition.
    • Не существует систематического способа определения... - There is no systematic way of determining...
    • Однако, строго говоря, такое определение является бессмысленным, поскольку... - Strictly speaking, however, such a definition is meaningless because...
    • Определение констант будет дано в Приложении. - The determination of the constants will be given in Appendix.
    • Отметим отличие в определениях... и... - Let us contrast the definitions of... and...
    • Очень трудно, если вообще возможно, дать удовлетворительное определение... - It is difficult if not impossible to give a satisfactory definition of...
    • Перед тем как продолжить (изучение и т. п.), нам необходимо ввести еще одно определение. - We need one more definition before proceeding with...
    • Предыдущие определения являются прямыми обобщениями... - The above definitions are straightforward generalizations of...
    • С другой стороны, из определения F следует, что... - On the other hand, it follows from the definition of F that...
    • Следующая теорема показывает, как можно сделать это определение строгим. - The following theorem shows how this notion can be made precise.
    • Следующие примеры покажут важность данного определения. - Examples will bring out the significance of this definition.
    • Сначала нам необходимы несколько дополнительных определений. - A few more definitions are required first.
    • Существенный интерес представляет задача определения... - It is a problem of considerable interest to determine...
    • Существует простая геометрическая интерпретация этого определения. - There is a simple geometrical interpretation of this definition.
    • Существуют различные способы определения... - There are various ways of defining...
    • Теперь мы выведем простое правило для определения... - We now derive a simple rule for determining...
    • Теперь мы готовы ввести основное определение. - We are now ready for a basic definition.
    • Теперь мы собрали воедино основные определения и результаты (теории и т. п.)... - - We have now assembled the main definitions and results of...
    • Ценность этого определения, безусловно, заключается в его полезности. - The merit of this definition lies, of course, in its usefulness.
    • Это вытекает непосредственно из определения оператора D/Dt. - This follows at once from the meaning of the operator D/Dt.
    • Это завершает определение (= нахождение)... - This completes the determination of...
    • Это не особо полезное определение, так как... - This is not a particularly useful definition, since...
    • Это прямое следствие определения. - It is an immediate consequence of the definition.
    • Это обычные (= стандартные) определения для... - These are the usual definitions for...
    • Это определение не влечет за собой, что... - This definition does not imply that...
    • Это определение неудовлетворительно по нескольким причинам. - This definition is unsatisfactory for several reasons.
    • Это определение основано на следующих соображениях. - This definition is based on the following considerations.
    • Это полезное определение, поскольку... - This is a useful definition because...
    • Это придает смысл определению (= введению)... - This gives a means of defining...
    • Этот подход доказал свою полезность в определении ранних стадий... - This approach has proven useful in identifying the early stages of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > определение

  • 15 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 16 давать возможность

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    These vectorlike properties let us derive an expression that...

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    This relation provides (or presents) a way (or a possibility, or a means) of estimating the actual savings.

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    This enables the operator to detect changes in amine concentrations.

    •

    This method enables one (or us) to solve the Hitchcock problem. The testing machine makes possible testing (or makes it possible to test) large components.

    •

    These curves permit the life of bearings to be accurately specified.

    •

    A sharp peak due to stretching of the aldehydic C-H serves to differentiate it from other types of carbonyl compound.

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    Alpha emission provides a way for an unstable nucleus to lose two protons and two neutrons simultaneously.

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    These criteria provide the means of classifying (or furnish an opportunity to classify) the coal by rank.

    * * *
    Давать возможность -- to give the ability (+ inf.), to allow for, to allow the opportunity of, to provide an (the) opportunity (+ inf.), to provide a means of, to offer the potential of, to offer the potential for, to enable
     The process gives the ability to remove soluble or suspended iron to the maximum extent possible.
     Additionally, some relatively purposeful analysis of the numerical experiments allowed for computational simplifications of the results.
     Testing in this hierarchical pattern allowed the opportunity of rapidly evaluating the maximum number of concepts requiring minimal time and cost.
     The discusser's comments provide an opportunity to call attention to a point of much value to the original paper.
     Transpiration cooled liner approaches offer the potential of substantial reductions in liner cooling flow requirements.
     The parameter approach offers the potential for extrapolating data without extensive long time testing.
     The use of a numerical technique has enabled a more general solution of the equations than was previously possible.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > давать возможность

  • 17 давать возможность

    •

    These vectorlike properties let us derive an expression that...

    •

    This relation provides (or presents) a way (or a possibility, or a means) of estimating the actual savings.

    •

    This enables the operator to detect changes in amine concentrations.

    •

    This method enables one (or us) to solve the Hitchcock problem. The testing machine makes possible testing (or makes it possible to test) large components.

    •

    These curves permit the life of bearings to be accurately specified.

    •

    A sharp peak due to stretching of the aldehydic C-H serves to differentiate it from other types of carbonyl compound.

    •

    Alpha emission provides a way for an unstable nucleus to lose two protons and two neutrons simultaneously.

    •

    These criteria provide the means of classifying (or furnish an opportunity to classify) the coal by rank.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > давать возможность

  • 18 בית

    בַּיִתm. (b. h.; cmp. preced.; v. Ges. H. Diet s. v. as to various etymological attempts), constr. בֵּית, pl. בָּחִּים. 1) house, household, home. Yoma 11b ב׳ מיוחד לדירה bayith means a building intended for a dwelling. Ib. מי שמייחד ביתו לו (Var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he who devotes his house (its contents) to himself exclusively (unaccommodating); Arakh.16a מי שמיוחדוכ׳.בעל הב׳ (abbrev. בע״ה) owner, landlord; host; private man, opp. to trader, artisan Ber.46a בע״ה בוצעוכ׳ the host breaks the bread, and the guest says the blessing. Tosef. ib. IV, 14 שלבע״ה home-made (bread), opp. גלוסקין; Y. ib. VI, 10b bot.Sabb.I, 1 בע״ה the donor, opp. עני the recipient. Gen. R. s. 22; a. v. fr.בן ב׳ inmate, attendant. Ab. I, 5; a. fr.פסול הב׳ the degraded (slave) of the house. Gen. R. s. 70. 2) Esp. (הַ)בַּ׳ the Temple. בפני הב׳ in days when the Temple exists, שלא בפני הב׳ when it does not exist. Ḥull.V, 1; a. fr.ב׳ שני or ב׳ אחרון the Second Temple. Cant. R. to VIII, 9; a. fr.הר הב׳ Temple Mount, v. הַר. 3) school, college, (collect.) disciples; בֵּית הלל Hillelites Bets.I, 1; a. fr. Treat. Sofrim IV, 1 של ב׳וכ׳ those of the house of Y.Shebi.II, 33d bot., a. e. דבית …ר׳, usu. דבי, v. בֵּי). 4) body. Ber.44b אוי לו לב׳וכ׳ that human body (Rashi: stomach) is to be pitied where vegetables are a constant guest (being the only food). 5) wife. Yoma I, 1 ביתו זווכ׳ ‘his housethat means his wife. Ib. 13a והך לאו ביתו היא but this one (designated for him in case of his wifes death) cannot be called ‘his house. Sabb.118b; a. fr. 6) Euphem. pudenda; marital intercourse. Y.Sabb.IX, 12a top; Mikv. VIII, 4 שמשה את בֵּיתָהּ she had intercourse. Ib. כבדה את הב׳ she washed Y.Sot.I, 16c bot. אסורה לביתה is forbidden to her husband. Nidd.5a מהומת לביתה she hastens to perform her marital duty. Y. ib. I, beg.48d. Cmp. חֶדֶר.7) store-house, store-room. בֵּית העצים wood-room; ב׳ התבן straw-magazine; ב׳ הבקר stable; Yoma 11a; a. fr.8) (geogr.) place, town, in compounds (for which see the respective determinants), e. g. ב׳ בוקיא Beth-Bukya 9) (anat.) limb, organ, in compounds (v. supra 8)), e. g. ב׳ הבליעה œsophagus, 10) shed for plants, covering. Shebi. II, 4 (pl.). Y. ib. 33d.Y.Sabb.VII, 10a.1 1) in compounds, denoting receptacle, cover, e. g. ב׳ הדיו inkstand. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.IV, 11; ב׳ יד sleeve, v. אוּנְקְלַי II, Men.34b, a. e. cases of the Tfillin. Chief compounds: בֵּית אָב, pl. בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת 1) paternal home, family. Snh.38a שני ב׳ א׳ two families (dynasties); a. fr.Tosef.Ter.II, 11 בתי אבות = אריסי ב׳ א׳ hereditary land-tenants; B. Bath.46b. 2) priests division. Taan.II, 6; a. fr.; v. אֱנֹוש pl. 3) origin of a law, rule ; cmp. אָב II. Cant. R. to II, 4 ב׳ א׳ של הלכה the origin (principle) of a legal rule. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:29 wherever the root רעש is used, it means cessation of government, ואיזהו ב׳ א׳ שלהםוכ׳ and where is the origin (determining the meaning) of all of them? (Answ. Jer. 51:29). Lev. R. s. 1, beg. מב׳ א׳ שלהןוכ׳ from the chief passage (Hagg. I, 13 ‘Haggai, the messenger) we learn that prophets are called messengers (or angels).בֵּית דִּין (abbr. ב״ד) court.ב״ד של שבעים ואחד or ב״ד הגדול the Great Sanedrin of seventy one members. Snh.I, 5. Y. ib. 19a bot.; a. fr.ב״ד נוטה court of an odd number of judges. ב״ד שקול of an even number of judges. Snh.3b.ב״ד שריא a permitting court, opprobrious name of a court too lax in religious affairs. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d top; Y.Nidd.III, 50d bot.(For all other compounds not self-evident, v. respective determinants. בית תר, v. בִּיתֵּר.Gen. R. s. 12 בית שאו, בית של עולם, v. בִּיָּא.

    Jewish literature > בית

  • 19 בַּיִת

    בַּיִתm. (b. h.; cmp. preced.; v. Ges. H. Diet s. v. as to various etymological attempts), constr. בֵּית, pl. בָּחִּים. 1) house, household, home. Yoma 11b ב׳ מיוחד לדירה bayith means a building intended for a dwelling. Ib. מי שמייחד ביתו לו (Var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he who devotes his house (its contents) to himself exclusively (unaccommodating); Arakh.16a מי שמיוחדוכ׳.בעל הב׳ (abbrev. בע״ה) owner, landlord; host; private man, opp. to trader, artisan Ber.46a בע״ה בוצעוכ׳ the host breaks the bread, and the guest says the blessing. Tosef. ib. IV, 14 שלבע״ה home-made (bread), opp. גלוסקין; Y. ib. VI, 10b bot.Sabb.I, 1 בע״ה the donor, opp. עני the recipient. Gen. R. s. 22; a. v. fr.בן ב׳ inmate, attendant. Ab. I, 5; a. fr.פסול הב׳ the degraded (slave) of the house. Gen. R. s. 70. 2) Esp. (הַ)בַּ׳ the Temple. בפני הב׳ in days when the Temple exists, שלא בפני הב׳ when it does not exist. Ḥull.V, 1; a. fr.ב׳ שני or ב׳ אחרון the Second Temple. Cant. R. to VIII, 9; a. fr.הר הב׳ Temple Mount, v. הַר. 3) school, college, (collect.) disciples; בֵּית הלל Hillelites Bets.I, 1; a. fr. Treat. Sofrim IV, 1 של ב׳וכ׳ those of the house of Y.Shebi.II, 33d bot., a. e. דבית …ר׳, usu. דבי, v. בֵּי). 4) body. Ber.44b אוי לו לב׳וכ׳ that human body (Rashi: stomach) is to be pitied where vegetables are a constant guest (being the only food). 5) wife. Yoma I, 1 ביתו זווכ׳ ‘his housethat means his wife. Ib. 13a והך לאו ביתו היא but this one (designated for him in case of his wifes death) cannot be called ‘his house. Sabb.118b; a. fr. 6) Euphem. pudenda; marital intercourse. Y.Sabb.IX, 12a top; Mikv. VIII, 4 שמשה את בֵּיתָהּ she had intercourse. Ib. כבדה את הב׳ she washed Y.Sot.I, 16c bot. אסורה לביתה is forbidden to her husband. Nidd.5a מהומת לביתה she hastens to perform her marital duty. Y. ib. I, beg.48d. Cmp. חֶדֶר.7) store-house, store-room. בֵּית העצים wood-room; ב׳ התבן straw-magazine; ב׳ הבקר stable; Yoma 11a; a. fr.8) (geogr.) place, town, in compounds (for which see the respective determinants), e. g. ב׳ בוקיא Beth-Bukya 9) (anat.) limb, organ, in compounds (v. supra 8)), e. g. ב׳ הבליעה œsophagus, 10) shed for plants, covering. Shebi. II, 4 (pl.). Y. ib. 33d.Y.Sabb.VII, 10a.1 1) in compounds, denoting receptacle, cover, e. g. ב׳ הדיו inkstand. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.IV, 11; ב׳ יד sleeve, v. אוּנְקְלַי II, Men.34b, a. e. cases of the Tfillin. Chief compounds: בֵּית אָב, pl. בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת 1) paternal home, family. Snh.38a שני ב׳ א׳ two families (dynasties); a. fr.Tosef.Ter.II, 11 בתי אבות = אריסי ב׳ א׳ hereditary land-tenants; B. Bath.46b. 2) priests division. Taan.II, 6; a. fr.; v. אֱנֹוש pl. 3) origin of a law, rule ; cmp. אָב II. Cant. R. to II, 4 ב׳ א׳ של הלכה the origin (principle) of a legal rule. Midr. Till. to Ps. 104:29 wherever the root רעש is used, it means cessation of government, ואיזהו ב׳ א׳ שלהםוכ׳ and where is the origin (determining the meaning) of all of them? (Answ. Jer. 51:29). Lev. R. s. 1, beg. מב׳ א׳ שלהןוכ׳ from the chief passage (Hagg. I, 13 ‘Haggai, the messenger) we learn that prophets are called messengers (or angels).בֵּית דִּין (abbr. ב״ד) court.ב״ד של שבעים ואחד or ב״ד הגדול the Great Sanedrin of seventy one members. Snh.I, 5. Y. ib. 19a bot.; a. fr.ב״ד נוטה court of an odd number of judges. ב״ד שקול of an even number of judges. Snh.3b.ב״ד שריא a permitting court, opprobrious name of a court too lax in religious affairs. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d top; Y.Nidd.III, 50d bot.(For all other compounds not self-evident, v. respective determinants. בית תר, v. בִּיתֵּר.Gen. R. s. 12 בית שאו, בית של עולם, v. בִּיָּא.

    Jewish literature > בַּיִת

  • 20 decisivo

    adj.
    decisive, conclusive, critical, final.
    * * *
    1 (importante) decisive
    2 (concluyente) decisive, final
    \
    de forma decisiva definitely
    * * *
    (f. - decisiva)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ [resultado, factor, influencia, papel] decisive; [argumento] winning; [voto] deciding

    una etapa decisiva de mi vida — a crucial o decisive stage in my life

    * * *
    - va adjetivo <fecha/momento> crucial, decisive, critical; < prueba> conclusive; <voto/resultado> crucial, decisive
    * * *
    = conclusive, decisive, tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking], critical, peremptory, lifesaving.
    Ex. It certainly cannot be called a conclusive or exhaustive guide to library resources.
    Ex. It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.
    Ex. The article 'The Mathematical Equivalent of the Penalty Shootout' describes a library's mathematics competition question design policy and gives examples of tie-breaker questions.
    Ex. 'Casting vote' means tie-breaking vote.
    Ex. Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.
    Ex. The author's argumentation is vehement, sometimes peremptory, but not conclusive.
    Ex. The more experienced physicians, however, told a different story about lifesaving practices in pediatrics.
    ----
    * coyuntura decisiva = Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * de modo decisivo = decisively.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * momento decisivo = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * pase decisivo = assist.
    * prueba decisiva = litmus test.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * * *
    - va adjetivo <fecha/momento> crucial, decisive, critical; < prueba> conclusive; <voto/resultado> crucial, decisive
    * * *
    = conclusive, decisive, tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking], critical, peremptory, lifesaving.

    Ex: It certainly cannot be called a conclusive or exhaustive guide to library resources.

    Ex: It has since been echoed repeatedly in the discussion of cataloging despite the persuasive and decisive refutation of it by Panizzi before the Royal Commission.
    Ex: The article 'The Mathematical Equivalent of the Penalty Shootout' describes a library's mathematics competition question design policy and gives examples of tie-breaker questions.
    Ex: 'Casting vote' means tie-breaking vote.
    Ex: Needless to say, this technique is relatively slow but can be valuable if retrieval speed is not critical.
    Ex: The author's argumentation is vehement, sometimes peremptory, but not conclusive.
    Ex: The more experienced physicians, however, told a different story about lifesaving practices in pediatrics.
    * coyuntura decisiva = Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * de modo decisivo = decisively.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * momento decisivo = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * pase decisivo = assist.
    * prueba decisiva = litmus test.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.

    * * *
    ‹fecha/momento› crucial, decisive, critical; ‹prueba› conclusive; ‹voto/resultado› crucial, decisive
    jugó un papel decisivo en la resolución de la crisis she played a decisive role in resolving the crisis
    * * *

    decisivo
    ◊ -va adjetivo ‹fecha/voto/resultado› crucial, decisive;


    ‹ prueba› conclusive;
    ‹ papel› decisive
    decisivo,-a adjetivo decisive
    ' decisivo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    decisiva
    English:
    crossroads
    - crucial
    - crunch
    - decider
    - deciding
    - decisive
    - determining
    - foot
    - inconclusive
    - turning point
    - winning
    - conclusive
    - indecisive
    - instrumental
    - turning
    - vital
    * * *
    decisivo, -a adj
    1. [que decide] decisive;
    su intervención fue decisiva a la hora de llegar a un acuerdo his intervention was decisive in reaching an agreement;
    fue la batalla decisiva que cambió el curso de la guerra that was the decisive battle which changed the course of the war;
    Vázquez marcó el gol decisivo Vázquez scored the decider o the deciding goal
    2. [muy importante] crucial, vital;
    tu apoyo es decisivo your support is crucial o vital
    * * *
    adj critical, decisive
    * * *
    decisivo, -va adj
    : decisive, conclusive
    * * *
    decisivo adj decisive

    Spanish-English dictionary > decisivo

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